Table 1 Descriptive and exercise characteristics depending on the training profile.

	Speed-power (n = 55)	Endurance (n = 91)	Untrained (n = 61)	ANOVA P -value^*	Effect size (η²)
Age (years)	47.5 ± 20.0	45.1 ± 15.7	45.1 ± 14.2	0.667	0.004
Weight (kg)	76.6 ± 8.6^‡	71.9 ± 7.3^†#	76.1 ± 6.4^‡	<0.001	0.08
Height (cm)	179.1 ± 8.3	177.0 ± 5.6^`	179.7 ± 5.0^‡	0.025	0.04
BMI (kg·m⁻²)	23.8 ± 1.7^‡	22.9 ± 1.9^#	23.6 ± 1.5	0.007	0.05
HR_max (beat·min⁻¹)	178.1 ± 11.2^†	178.8 ± 12.8^†	183.6 ± 9.2^‡,#	0.015	0.05
\(\dot{V}\)O_2max (ml·min⁻¹)	3583 ± 661^†.‡	4218 ± 629^†,#	3150 ± 534^‡,#	<0.001	0.36
\(\dot{V}\)O_2max (ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹)	47.3 ± 8.1^†.‡	59.1 ± 8.5^†.#	41.6 ± 5.7^‡,#	<0.001	0.50
Hb_rest (g·dl⁻¹)	15.1 ± 0.9	15.3 ± 0.9^†	14.8 ± 0.8^‡	0.012	0.04
LA_rest (mmol·l⁻¹)	1.1 ± 0.3	1.2 ± 0.4^†	1.0 ± 0.3^‡	0.002	0.07
LA_post (mmol·l⁻¹)	9.3 ± 1.6	8.8 ± 1.9	8.7 ± 1.7	0.199	0.02
LA_post-rest (mmol·l⁻¹)	8.1 ± 1.6	7.6 ± 1.8	7.7 ± 1.7	0.196	0.02

Data are means ± SD; ^*between-group differences as estimated by ANOVA; post-hoc Scheffè test at P < 0.05: ^†significantly different from untrained subjects. ^‡ – significantly different from endurance-trained athletes. ^#Significantly different from speed-power-trained athletes. Legend: BMI ‒ body mass index, HR_max ‒ maximal heart rate, \(\dot{V}\)O_2max. maximal oxygen uptake; Hb ‒ haemoglobin, LA ‒ plasma lactate concentration, _rest ‒ resting value, _post ‒ post-exercise value, _post-rest ‒ the difference between post-exercise and resting value.

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