Table 2 Baseline characteristics of vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups.
From: The risk of urinary tract infection in vegetarians and non-vegetarians: a prospective study
Non-vegetarians | Vegetarians | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
mean (stda)/n (%) | mean (stda)/n (%) | ||
Number of participants | 6467 (66.5%) | 3257 (33.5%) | |
Age, years | 50.1 (9.69) | 51.2 (9.48) | <0.001 |
Sex | <0.001 | ||
Male | 2677 (41.4%) | 899 (27.6%) | |
Female | 3790 (58.6%) | 2358 (72.4%) | |
Educational level | <0.001 | ||
Elementary school or less | 1277 (19.8%) | 792 (24.3%) | |
Secondary school | 4503 (69.7%) | 2086 (64.0%) | |
College or higher | 683 (10.5%) | 383 (11.7%) | |
Ever smoking | 1126 (17.4%) | 351 (10.8%) | <0.001 |
Ever alcohol-drinking | 1064 (16.5%) | 375 (11.5%) | <0.001 |
Hypertension | 1154 (17.9%) | 512 (15.7%) | 0.008 |
Diabetes | 466 (7.2%) | 161 (4.9%) | <0.001 |
Hyperlipidemia | 218 (3.4%) | 79 (2.4%) | 0.010 |
Disease conditions predisposing to UTI | |||
Hyperplasia/tumor of urinary tract | 451 (7.0%) | 160 (4.9%) | <0.001 |
Urolithiasis | 743 (11.5%) | 319 (9.8%) | 0.011 |
Urine retention | 132 (2.0%) | 77 (2.4%) | 0.306 |
Renal failure | 135 (2.1%) | 49 (1.5%) | 0.049 |
Immune dysfunction | 43 (0.7%) | 23 (0.7%) | 0.821 |
