Table 2 Parameters in the simplified MCS model.

a₀

25 km²

Area of a single site

A_crit

500 km²

Critical area for MCS formation

p_act

0.8

Activation potential along MCS fronts

τ_cp

3 h

Duration when CPs can activate new rain cells

p_inh

−0.8

Refractory potential underneath cold pools

τ_inh

24 h

Humidity inhibitory time

t_a

0.1 K, 0.5 K

Diurnal near-surface temperature amplitudes