Fig. 2

Inhibitory effect of E. faecalis YM0831 on glucose transport in the silkworm intestinal tract using isolated intestine and glucose uptake by Caco-2 cells. a Glucose solution with or without added E. faecalis YM0831 (250 mg wet weight/ml) were enclosed in isolated silkworm intestinal tract. The intestinal samples were incubated in PBS at 27 °C. Glucose levels outside of the intestine were determined. b Glucose solution with or without added E. faecalis YM0831 (YM0831, 250 mg wet weight/ml), or glucose solution with added autoclaved E. faecalis YM0831 (autoclaved YM0831, 250 mg wet weight/ml) were enclosed in isolated silkworm intestinal tract. Intestinal samples were incubated in PBS at 27 °C for 10 min. Glucose levels outside of the intestine were determined. n = 3–4/group. c E. faecalis YM0831 (62.5 mg wet weight cells/ml) was added in the uptake system of 2-NBDG in Caco-2 cells and fluorescence uptake by the Caco-2 cells was measured over time. d Various numbers of E. faecalis YM0831 were added in the uptake system of 2-NBDG in Caco-2 cells and fluorescence uptake by the Caco-2 cells was measured. n = 3/group. e E. faecalis YM0831 (62.5 mg wet weight cells/ml) or autoclaved E. faecalis YM0831 (autoclaved YM0831, 62.5 mg wet weight cells/ml) was added in the uptake system of 2-NBDG in Caco-2 cells and fluorescence uptake by the Caco-2 cells was measured. n = 3/group. f Viability of Caco-2 cells following the addition or absence of E. faecalis YM0831 (62.5 mg wet weight cells/ml) or addition of 20% ethanol solution was measured. n = 3/group. Data represent mean ± SEM. Statistically significant differences between control and groups in the presence of samples were evaluated using Student’s t-test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, NS: P > 0.05