Table 8 Percentage of elements detected and Ca/P ratio in dugong tusks, and dugong, dolphin and whale teeth.

From: Elemental classification of the tusks of dugong (Dugong dugong) by HH-XRF analysis and comparison with other species

Ele.

Dugong tusks

Dugong teeth

Dolphin teeth

Whale tooth

p-value

Al

0.266 ± 0.190

0.317 ± 0.084

N.D.

N.D.

N.D.

Si

1.114 ± 1.253a

0.373 ± 0.212a

0.178 ± 0.037b

0.465 ± 0.174a

0.000

P

8.052 ± 1.714a

7.559 ± 1.219b

9.286 ± 0.617c

8.119 ± 0.811a,b

0.000

S

0.316 ± 0.418a

0.086 ± 0.039b

0.049 ± 0.032c

0.271 ± 0.071d

0.000

Ca

23.510 ± 3.441a

21.217 ± 1.910b

20.233 ± 1.540c

22.798 ± 0.924d

0.004

Ti

0.057 ± 0.044a

0.047 ± 0.020b

0.052 ± 0.011c

0.036 ± 0.010a,b

0.020

V

0.018 ± 0.004a

0.017 ± 0.005a

0.013 ± 0.003b

0.014 ± 0.002a,b

0.010

Cr

0.012 ± 0.018a

0.009 ± 0.002b

0.007 ± 0.002c

0.010 ± 0.001d

0.000

Mn

0.012 ± 0.021a

0.058 ± 0.089b

0.015 ± 0.008c

0.008 ± 0.001a

0.000

Fe

0.039 ± 0.030a

0.097 ± 0.065b

0.072 ± 0.032b

0.019 ± 0.002c

0.003

Ni

0.002 ± 0.001

0.002 ± 0.001

0.002 ± 0.000

0.002 ± 0.000

0.789

Cu

0.006 ± 0.010a

0.002 ± 0.000b

0.002 ± 0.000b

0.002 ± 0.000b

0.002

Zn

0.040 ± 0.013a

0.038 ± 0.017b

0.094 ± 0.029c

0.035 ± 0.009b,d

0.000

Zr

0.014 ± 0.002a

0.014 ± 0.003b

0.002 ± 0.000c

0.008 ± 0.002 a,c

0.000

Ag

0.018 ± 0.003a

0.017 ± 0.004a

0.014 ± 0.002b

0.015 ± 0.001a,b

0.003

Cd

0.023 ± 0.006a

0.023 ± 0.005a

0.017 ± 0.004b

0.021 ± 0.001a

0.000

Sn

0.026 ± 0.007a

0.027 ± 0.006a

0.019 ± 0.005b

0.023 ± 0.001a,b

0.000

Sb

0.034 ± 0.009a

0.034 ± 0.007a

0.025 ± 0.007b

0.032 ± 0.001a,c

0.000

W

0.004 ± 0.001

0.003 ± 0.001

N.D.

0.004 ± 0.000

0.064

Pb

0.001 ± 0.001

0.001 ± 0.001

0.001 ± 0.000

0.001 ± 0.000

0.365

LE

66.702 ± 5.382a

70.013 ± 2.823b

69.942 ± 2.098b

68.123 ± 1.603a,b

0.000

Ca/P

2.984 ± 0.421a

2.862 ± 0.422b

2.179 ± 0.075c

2.825 ± 0.247a,b,d

0.000

  1. Bold numbers indicate significantly higher values. N.D. = not detected. Al = aluminum, Si = silicon, P = phosphorus, S = sulfur, Ca = calcium, Ti = titanium, V = vanadium, Cr = chromium, Mn = manganese, Fe = iron, Ni = nickel, Cu = copper, Zn = zinc, Zr = zirconium, Ag = silver, Cd = cadmium, Sn = tin, Sb = antimony, W = tungsten, Pb = lead, LE = light elements. a,b,c,d indicate a significant difference at p < 0.05 when compared across dugong tusks, and dugong, dolphin and whale teeth.