Vascular parkinsonism can result from a variety of vascular disorders, and most frequently manifests as an impairment of gait known as lower body parkinsonism. In this Review, Amos Korczyn summarizes the current understanding of clinical and pathogenetic aspects of vascular parkinsonism, including knowledge gained from neuroimaging, and considers current and future therapy for this condition. He also considers whether similarities between vascular parkinsonism and Binswanger disease mean that they should be considered as manifestations of the same pathology.