Active immunotherapy is emerging as an important addition to conventional cancer treatments, but many important questions remain. Optimal combinations of antigens, adjuvants and delivery vehicles need to be determined and effective strategies for overcoming tumour-associated immunosuppression ought to be developed. This Review provides an overview of new results from clinical studies of therapeutic cancer vaccines directed against tumour-associated antigens and discusses their implications for the use of active immunotherapy.
- Ignacio Melero
- Gustav Gaudernack
- Håkan Mellstedt