A variety of cytokines have diverse antitumour and/or pro-tumour activities and, accordingly, alterations in cytokine networks contribute to cancer development and progression. Therefore, cytokines and their receptors have long been investigated as therapeutic agents or targets in oncology, although with mostly disappointing results. Herein, Propper and Balkwill discuss the lessons learnt from initial clinical trials of monotherapy approaches as well as subsequent strategies to better leverage cytokines and cytokine antagonists in the treatment of solid tumours.
- David J. Propper
- Frances R. Balkwill
