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Female mosquitoes inject saliva into vertebrate hosts during blood feeding, transmitting mosquito-borne pathogens. Here, cryo-EM of mosquito salivary gland extract uncovers the native SGS1 structure and domains relevant to pathogen transmission.

Cellular cryoET reveals how an amyloid-like protein of the prototypical archaeon, Methanospirillum hungatei, oligomerizes into a ring containing a giant 2700-strand β sheet, and how rings stack into hoops and into the cylindrical sheath of the cell.

This study visualizes the interior of a dsRNA virus using cryo-electron microscopy, revealing the organization of the genome of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus together with its transcriptional enzyme complex in both quiescent and transcribing states.

Microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) contribute to species-specific motility characteristics but are largely unstudied. Here, the authors combine functional, structural and proteomic analysis in T. brucei to advance fundamental understanding of MIP assembly and identify trypanosome-specific MIPs required for motility.

The bacterial translocase channel anthrax toxin is composed of the protective antigen (PA) that forms a translocase channel and two cytotoxic enzymes: lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF), which go through the PA channel to enter host cells. Here the authors provide mechanistic insights into LF and EF translocation by determining the cryo-EM structures of the anthrax toxin transmembrane channel protein in complex with LF and EF.

A high-resolution structure of the bacteriophage MS2 sheds light on the structure of the genome and how the genome is delivered into a bacterium.

Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of the Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus capsid, and experiments with polypeptides that mimic the smallest capsid protein demonstrate the potential for structure-derived insights to help to develop antiviral agents.

Cryo-electron microscopy determination of anthrax toxin protective antigen pore structure at a resolution of 2.9 Å, revealing the catalytic Φ-clamp and the membrane-spanning translocation channel.

Zhou and Si et al. used cryogenic electron microscopy and tomography to delineate the molecular interactions among genomic RNA, nucleocapsid protein, matrix protein and glycoprotein in vesicular stomatitis virus and suggest a model of assembly.

Redox-active organic compounds that reversibly bind and release CO₂ are promising candidates for carbon capture but are limited by the use of flammable, toxic aprotic electrolytes. Here the authors use salt-concentrated aqueous electrolytes in continuous CO₂ separation with good performance metrics.

The authors solved structures of nine native band 3-associated complexes from human red blood cell membrane by cryo-EM. Integration of structural and biochemical data supports a model of ankyrin complex assembly during erythropoiesis.

Zhang and Cui et al. present in situ cryoEM structures of the trimeric spike of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus in both open and close conformations, and demonstrate that spike detachment from the capsid is triggered by the presence of SAM and ATP.

Cryogenic electron tomography suffers from anisotropic resolution due to the missing-wedge problem. Here, the authors present IsoNet, a neural network that learn the feature representation from similar structures in the tomogram and recover the missing information for isotropic tomogram reconstruction.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of Tetrahymena telomerase with telomeric DNA at several steps of nucleotide addition provide insights into the structural basis of telomere repeat synthesis.

Here, cryo-EM reconstructions of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) virions reveal host tRNAs associated with the virion’s capsid-bound tegument protein, pp150. tRNA recruitment is mediated by the interactions specific for HCMV only, suggesting the explanation for the absence of such tRNA densities in related herpesviruses.

Cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography reveal conformational changes of the bluetongue virus capsid protein VP5 that lead to membrane perforation and virus release into the cytosol.

Mammalian reovirus (MRV) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus that affects the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Here, the authors present the 3.3 Å cryo-EM asymmetric reconstruction of transcribing MRV that reveals the organization of the dsRNA genome, RNA interaction with the polymerase complex, and how the polymerase interacts extensively with its co-factor, µ2, to form a transcription enzyme complex, which engages and regulates RNA transcription.

Antibodies (Abs) targeting highly conserved epitopes are important tools against emerging virus variants. Here, the authors characterize Abs that recognize a cryptic epitope in the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike that is well conserved and show that these Abs can neutralize several variants of concerns.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of three varicella-zoster virus (VZV) capsids show VZV-specific features of the capsid-associated tegument complex (CATC) and genome packaging. The authors conclude that the VZV capsid is less stable and the CATC binds more weakly than in the homologues in other herpesviruses, characteristics that are linked to the small genome size of VZV.

Using cryo-electron tomography to detect individual GABA_A receptors in hippocampal synapses, we discovered a hierarchical and mesophasic organization of inhibitory postsynaptic density proteins that enables efficient synaptic transmission.

Rotaviruses are of great medical significance because they cause gastroenteritis in children. Here the authors provide insights into the mechanism of viral mRNA transcription by determining the in situ cryo-EM structures of a working rotavirus’ RNA-dependent-RNA polymerase, which is of interest for antiviral drug design.

RNA polymerase V transcription in plants, which is needed DNA methylation and transcriptional silencing, requires components of the DDR complex. Here the authors show that all components of the DDR complex co-localize with Pol V and report the cryoEM structures of two complexes associated with Pol V recruitment.

An approach combining cryo-electron microscopy and mass spectrometry analysis of protein complexes enriched directly from cells enables structure determination of unknown complexes at atomic resolution.

Human Herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6) can cause fever, diarrhea and roseola rash. Here the authors present a cryoEM approach to image crude, minimally purified virus samples and employ it to determine the atomic structures of HHV-6B capsid and capsid-associated tegument protein complexes.

Leishmania donovani is a protozoan parasite that can cause fatal infections in humans. Here the authors present a high resolution cryoEM structure of the L. donovani80S ribosome and compare it to its human counterpart to provide insight into the basis for drug selectivity towards this eukaryotic parasite.

Cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the purified Plasmodium translocon of exported proteins (PTEX) reveals two distinct resolved states, suggesting a mechanism by which Plasmodium falciparum exports malarial effector proteins into erythrocytes.

N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are valuable surface anchors, but their use has remained limited to either spherical or planar nanomaterials. Now, they have been grafted onto gold nanorods through a bidentate ligand featuring a thiolate and a NHC–gold complex. The resulting nanorods are robust towards a wide range of harsh conditions and show promise for photothermal therapy.

Cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography and mutational analyses reveal how Dengue and Zika virus protein NS5 suppresses STAT2 activity and interferon response in host cells.

This study reveals features of Epstein–Barr virus that are similar but not identical to the closely related Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. The authors provide locations of protein components within the viral capsid and reveal different conformers of protein components by revealing variations in links between capsid proteins and exploiting approaches with relaxation of symmetry. The capsid-associated tegument complex is loaded on to the capsid with long-range asymmetry, relative to the location of the portal vertex (the site of genome entry and egress).

The authors report near-atomic resolution structures of the R-type bacteriocin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the pre-contraction and post-contraction states, and these structures provide insight into the mechanism of action of molecular syringes.

The cryo-electron microscopy structures of an early spliceosome complex in yeast reveal a unified mechanism for defining introns and exons and also for back-splicing to generate circular RNA.

In situ cryo-electron microscopy structures of five intermediate states of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus reveals how repeated cycles of double-stranded RNA genome transcription are regulated within viral particles.

Near-atomic resolution structure of bluetongue virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) provides insights into its dynamic tubular assemblies and their contribution to NS1 function in viral protein synthesis.

Na⁺-coupled acid-base membrane transport proteins regulate blood pressure, ion homeostasis and acid-base chemistry. Here the authors present the 3.9 Å resolution cryoEM structure of the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter NBCe1 and characterize its ion coordination site and ion accessibility pathway with mutagenesis experiments.

The intrinsically disordered protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) forms polymorphic fibrils. Here the authors provide molecular insights into aSyn fibril polymorphism and present the cryo-EM structures of the two predominant species, a rod and a twister both determined at 3.7 Å resolution.

The long-awaited structure of a telomerase holoenzyme, from Tetrahymena, has been obtained by electron microscopy; affinity labelling of subunits and modelling with NMR and crystal structures of various components allowed the identification of the catalytic core and subunit interactions, and the functional role of the subunits in telomerase processivity was enabled by performing the first reconstitution of the holoenzyme in vitro.

New cryo electron microscopy structures of bluetongue virus (BTV) under low- and high-pH conditions reveal pH sensors that mediate host-membrane fusion and penetration by a nonenveloped virus.

Cryo-EM structures of the pre- and postcontraction states of Pseudomonas aeruginosa R-type pyocins provide details of the conformational changes between the tube and sheath that take place during contraction.

Dengue virus has two membrane proteins, E and M, which undergo dramatic structural changes during the life cycle of the virus. The 3.5-Å cryo-EM structure of the mature prefusion Dengue virion reveals the detailed interactions between E and M, providing insight into how conformational changes are triggered.

A cryoEM structure of the archaeal flagella, the archaellum, shows distinct features from related bacterial structures.

U1 snRNP is critical for 5′ splicing site recognition in pre-mRNA splicing. Here the authors describe the cryo-EM structure of the yeast U1 snRNP and suggest that PrpF39 is an alternative splicing factor essential for the successful recruitment of U1 snRNP by other alternative splicing factors.

MICAL Redox enzymes post-translationally modify F-actin to promote its cellular destabilization. Here, the authors present a 3.9Å cryoEM structure of Mical-oxidized F-actin, showing its nucleotide-state dependent dynamic instability and susceptibility to cofilin-induced severing in the presence of inorganic phosphate.

There is mounting evidence that osteoblasts are involved in the regulation of global energy metabolism. Although osteocalcin signalling remains important, the complexity of systemic energy storage and expenditure makes it likely that hitherto unknown factors are also involved in osteoblast-mediated regulation of metabolism.

Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the herpesvirus capsid including the viral genome reveal ordered DNA structures and structural features of the capsid that suggest possible mechanisms for viral genome encapsidation.

This paper presents a high resolution structure of the cytoplasmic polyhedroasis virus (CPV) obtained by single particle cryo electron microscopy, and shows that the polypeptide backbone can be traced without the need of making a crystal.

CryoEM structures and computational modeling of bovine anion exchanger 1 in both inward and outward facing conformations reveal an elevator-like mechanism of ion transport by a solute carrier ion transport family 4 member.