After outlining the rationale for injecting viable cells into the degenerating intervertebral disc (IVD), Sakai and Andersson provide an overview of basic and preclinical studies as well as ongoing clinical trials of cell therapies for IVD degeneration. Consideration is also given to various barriers to the development of these therapies and possible solutions to overcome such obstacles.
- Daisuke Sakai
- Gunnar B. J. Andersson
