Although the incidence of testicular cancer has been increasing over the past several decades in many developed countries, the causes are poorly understood. The prevailing hypothesis that an individual's level of risk is likely determinedin utero, or early in childhood, is undermined but much evidence that exposure to various factors in adolescence and adulthood is also linked to the development of testicular cancer. In this Review, the authors discuss these adolescent and adult risk factors for testicular cancer, including those occupational and environmental in nature.
- Katherine A. McGlynn
- Britton Trabert
