Nucleotide oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 (NOD1) and NOD2 are pattern-recognition receptors that detect bacterial peptidoglycan. Signalling through NODs initiates a variety of effector immune responses that seem to be crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis with the host microbiota. Indeed, mutations in NOD1 and NOD2 are associated with both intestinal and extra-intestinal disease. This Review summarizes our current understanding of the NODs.
- Dana J. Philpott
- Matthew T. Sorbara
- Stephen E. Girardin
