Cardiac disease and renal disease are frequently accompanied by nonthyroidal illness, which can result in deterioration of cardiovascular and renal function via several pathways. In this Review, the authors discuss the hypothesis that nonthyroidal illness is a cardiorenal connector in the genesis and maintenance of the cardiorenal syndrome, and describe data from studies that have investigated the efficacy of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in patients with renal or cardiac disease.
- Christiaan L. Meuwese
- Olaf M. Dekkers
- Juan J. Carrero
