Barrett esophagus involves the replacement of normal esophageal squamous epithelium with metaplastic columnar epithelium and is a major precursor to adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Histological evaluation of biopsy samples from the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction for the presence of goblet cells and extent of dysplasia is the mainstay of surveillance for Barrett esophagus. This Review discusses the histological features of Barrett esophagus and its neoplastic complications.
