Mineralocorticoid-receptor antagonists (MRAs) effectively reduce blood pressure and albuminuria in patients with chronic kidney disease who experience aldosterone breakthrough. Use of MRAs is limited, however, by the occurrence of hyperkalaemia, which frequently develops in patients with impaired kidney function, and/or diabetes. This Review discusses potential approaches to identify patients who are particularly prone to developing hyperkalaemia with MRA therapy and describes currently available and promising strategies to prevent and control hyperkalaemia in patients with CKD.
- Sara S. Roscioni
- Dick de Zeeuw
- Hiddo J. Lambers Heerspink