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Here, the authors report a high-performance broadband spectrometer based on a van der Waals heterostructure tunnel diode containing MoS₂ and and black phosphorus, leveraging their electrically tunable photoresponse and advanced computational algorithms for spectral reconstruction.

The coherence degradation of pulses synchronized to optical cavities is an issue for ultrahigh-repetition-rate lasing. Here the authors demonstrate synchronized multi-wavelength mode-locked soliton fiber lasers generating ultrafast outputs from two to five wavelengths with a high sub-pulse repetition rate.

Coherent all-optical modulation of nonlinear optics with chiral light in symmetrical crystals is achieved with ultra-fast speed (~ fs), unlimited bandwidth, perfect modulation depth (~100%), and compact footprint (atomic thickness).

Despite being a powerful tool for molecular vibrational mode detection, infrared spectrosocpy is limited by weak sensitivity. Here, the authors demonstrate a platform for enhanced molecular fingerprint sensing based on a graphene/CaF₂nanofilm plasmonic structure.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides can be grown on large scale using chemical vapour deposition which, however, determines presence of grain boundaries. Here, the authors report that third-harmonic generation imaging provides excellent sensitivity and fast speed for grain boundary visualization in MoS₂.

One-dimensional van der Waals (1D vdW) materials derive interesting behaviour from dimensional confinement. Here the authors study a 1D vdW semiconductor, fibrous red phosphorous, and observe exceptional optical properties of large optical anisotropy and high photoluminescence.

Identification of gas molecules is crucial in healthcare and security applications. Here the authors achieve label-free identification of SO₂, NO₂, N₂O, and NO gas molecules by detecting their rotational-vibrational modes using graphene nanoribbon plasmons.

Realizing efficient on-chip amplification in silicon is challenging due to either non-compatible integration or small gain per unit length of the amplifier material. Here, the authors report ultra-high on-chip optical gain in erbium-based hybrid silicon nitride slot waveguides with a monolithic, CMOS-compatible and scalable atomic-layer deposition process.

Harmonic generation is a nonlinear optical process occurring in a variety of materials; the higher orders generation is generally less efficient than lower orders. Here, the authors report that the third-harmonic is thirty times stronger than the second-harmonic in monolayer MoS2.

Nanotubes and graphene have emerged as promising materials for use in ultrafast fibre lasers. Their unique electrical and optical properties enable them to be used as saturable absorbers that have fast responses and broadband operation and that can be easily integrated in fibre lasers.

The demonstration of broadband, electrically tunable third-order nonlinear optical responses in graphene is promising for a host of nonlinear optical applications.

Wavelength-tunable ultraviolet light sources are required for a wide range of applications, but are typically difficult to manufacture and operate. A simple gas-filled optical fibre that performs efficient frequency conversion from the infrared to the deep-ultraviolet could be a promising answer.

Symmetry breaking plays a significant role in the determination of the fascinating physical phenomena and quantum phase transitions in 2D materials. This Review discusses the state-of-the-art physical and chemical approaches to engineer the symmetry breaking of 2D materials and their heterostructures.

The fiber birefringence, chromatic dispersion, and nonlinear effect follow a phase-matching principle, enabling the formation of birefringence-managed solitons in normal-dispersion fiber lasers containing a section of polarization-maintaining fiber.

The recent realization that 2D layered materials could modulate light with superior performance has prompted intense research and significant advances, paving the way for realistic applications.