Gastrointestinal diseases articles within Nature

Featured

  • Article
    | Open Access

    A new discovery strategy, ‘reverse metabolomics’, facilitates high-throughput matching of mass spectrometry spectra in public untargeted metabolomics datasets, and a proof-of-concept experiment identified an association between microbial bile amidates and inflammatory bowel disease.

    • Emily C. Gentry
    • , Stephanie L. Collins
    •  & Pieter C. Dorrestein

  • Article |

    A study shows that clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential is associated with an increased risk of chronic liver disease specifically through the promotion of liver inflammation and injury.

    • Waihay J. Wong
    • , Connor Emdin
    •  & Pradeep Natarajan

  • Article |

    The herbicide propyzamide increases inflammation in the small and large intestine, and the AHR–NF-κB–C/EBPβ signalling axis—which operates in T cells and dendritic cells to promote intestinal inflammation—is targeted by propyzamide.

    • Liliana M. Sanmarco
    • , Chun-Cheih Chao
    •  & Francisco J. Quintana

  • Article |

    Nicotine accumulates in the intestine during tobacco smoking and accelerates the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but it can be degraded effectively by the human symbiont Bacteroides xylanisolvens.

    • Bo Chen
    • , Lulu Sun
    •  & Changtao Jiang

  • Article |

    A computational system termed MetaWIBELE (workflow to identify novel bioactive elements in the microbiome) is used to identify microbial gene products that are potentially bioactive and have a functional role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.

    • Yancong Zhang
    • , Amrisha Bhosle
    •  & Eric A. Franzosa

  • Article |

    Whole-genome sequencing analysis of somatic mutations in liver samples from patients with chronic liver disease identifies driver mutations in metabolism-related genes such as FOXO1, and shows that these variants frequently exhibit convergent evolution.

    • Stanley W. K. Ng
    • , Foad J. Rouhani
    •  & Peter J. Campbell

  • Article
    | Open Access

    Cells from embryonic, fetal, paediatric and adult human intestinal tissue are analysed at different locations along the intestinal tract to construct a single-cell atlas of the developing and adult human intestinal tract, encompassing all cell lineages.

    • Rasa Elmentaite
    • , Natsuhiko Kumasaka
    •  & Sarah A. Teichmann

  • Article |

    In a rat model of short bowel syndrome, transplantation of small intestinal organoids into the colon partially restores intestinal function and improves survival—a proof of principle that organoid transplantation might have therapeutic benefit.

    • Shinya Sugimoto
    • , Eiji Kobayashi
    •  & Toshiro Sato

  • Article |

    In patients with ulcerative colitis, chronic inflammation can lead to remodelling of the colorectal epithelium through positive selection of clones with mutations in genes related to IL-17 signalling, which, however, might be negatively selected during colitis-associated carcinogenesis.

    • Nobuyuki Kakiuchi
    • , Kenichi Yoshida
    •  & Seishi Ogawa

  • Article |

    In patients with alcoholic hepatitis, cytolysin-positive Enterococcus faecalis strains are correlated with liver disease severity and increased mortality, and in mouse models these strains can be specifically targeted by bacteriophages.

    • Yi Duan
    • , Cristina Llorente
    •  & Bernd Schnabl

  • Article |

    Single-cell RNA sequencing is used to characterize and compare the functional diversity of cells from liver biopsies of human scarred and normal liver, and identifies markers for scar-associated macrophages and endothelial cells.

    • P. Ramachandran
    • , R. Dobie
    •  & N. C. Henderson

  • Article
    | Open Access

    The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Multi’omics Database includes longitudinal data encompassing a multitude of analyses of stool, blood and biopsies of more than 100 individuals, and provides a comprehensive description of host and microbial activities in inflammatory bowel diseases.

    • Jason Lloyd-Price
    • , Cesar Arze
    •  & Curtis Huttenhower

  • Article |

    Profiling of single epithelial cells in healthy and inflamed colons identifies specialized cellular subpopulations, including a type of goblet cell that secretes the antibacterial protein WFDC2, which preserves the integrity of the epithelial barrier layer.

    • Kaushal Parikh
    • , Agne Antanaviciute
    •  & Alison Simmons

  • Letter |

    Isolates of the Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa from Yemen are from a single sublineage of the seventh pandemic El Tor (7PET) lineage and are susceptible to several commonly used antibiotics as well as to polymyxins.

    • François-Xavier Weill
    • , Daryl Domman
    •  & Marie-Laure Quilici

  • Letter |

    Triangulation of microbe–phenotype relationships is an effective method for reducing the noise inherent in microbiota studies and enabling identification of causal microbes of disease, which may be applicable to human microbiome studies.

    • Neeraj K. Surana
    •  & Dennis L. Kasper

  • Outline |

    Increased levels of obesity are driving an epidemic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Understanding, diagnosing and treating this progressive condition are now priorities.

    • Liam Drew

  • Outline |

    A progressive and potentially life-threatening condition previously associated with alcoholism is becoming more common — even in non-drinkers.

    • Liam Drew

  • Article |

    A high-fat diet increases the number of intestinal stem cells in mammals, both in vivo and in intestinal organoids; a pathway that involves PPAR-δ confers organoid-initiating capacity to non-stem cells and induces them to form in vivo tumours after loss of the Apc tumour suppressor.

    • Semir Beyaz
    • , Miyeko D. Mana
    •  & Ömer H. Yilmaz

  • Letter |

    The in vitro generation, from pluripotent stem cells, of three-dimensional human gastric organoids (hGOs) that contain a physiological gastric epithelium comprising both progenitor and differentiated cell types, and have expected functional characteristics is described, as is modelling the pathophysiological response of the human stomach to Helicobacter pylori using these hGOs.

    • Kyle W. McCracken
    • , Emily M. Catá
    •  & James M. Wells

  • Outlook |

    The increasing prevalence of obesity is a worldwide phenomenon, affecting peoples from diverse cultural and economic backgrounds. By Tony Scully.

    • Tony Scully

  • Outlook |

    • Tony Scully

  • Outlook |

    Processed foods that dilute protein content subvert our appetite control systems, say Stephen J. Simpson and David Raubenheimer.

    • Stephen J. Simpson
    •  & David Raubenheimer

  • Outlook |

    The misguided urge to pathologize this condition reflects society's failure to come to terms with the need for prevention, says D. L. Katz.

    • D. L. Katz

  • Outlook |

    A slew of new technologies are helping to map the neural circuits that control when, and how much, we eat.

    • Bijal P. Trivedi

  • Outlook |

    Scores of genes are implicated in obesity, but they cannot account for a family's predisposition to obesity. Are there other ways parents can influence their children?

    • Cassandra Willyard

  • Outlook |

    Behavioural interventions work, but not for everyone, and weight regain is common. Are there better ways to treat obesity?

    • Emily Anthes

  • Letter |

    Consuming diets rich in plant versus animal products changes the microbes found in the human gut within days, with important implications for our health and evolution.

    • Lawrence A. David
    • , Corinne F. Maurice
    •  & Peter J. Turnbaugh

  • Letter |

    Variation in ATG16L1, a protein involved in autophagy, confers risk for Crohn’s disease, but mice with hypomorphic ATG16L1 activity do not develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation; this study shows that autophagy compensates for endoplasmic reticulum stress — common in inflammatory bowel disease epithelium — specifically in Paneth cells, with Crohn’s-disease-like inflammation of the ileum originating from this cell type when both pathways are compromised.

    • Timon E. Adolph
    • , Michal F. Tomczak
    •  & Richard S. Blumberg

  • Letter |

    Mutations in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 are shown to predispose mice to colitis as a consequence of neutral amino acid malabsorption and a change in the resident microbiota; these results could explain how protein malnutrition — affecting up to one billion people — leads to intestinal inflammation.

    • Tatsuo Hashimoto
    • , Thomas Perlot
    •  & Josef M. Penninger

  • News & Views |

    Rare tumour cells with mutations that confer drug resistance can go undetected by standard testing procedures, according to two studies, which show that such mutations can be detected in patients' blood. See Letters p.532 and p.537

    • Eduardo Vilar
    •  & Josep Tabernero

  • News & Views |

    The use of adult-tissue stem cells to treat gastrointestinal diseases holds much promise. A method for in vitro growth of gut stem cells and their use in repairing damaged intestines in mice has been described.

    • Anisa Shaker
    •  & Deborah C. Rubin

  • Letter |

    An in vivo transposon screen in a pancreatic cancer model identifies frequent inactivation of Usp9x; deletion of Usp9x cooperates with KrasG12D to accelerate rapidly pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice, validating their genetic interaction.

    • Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera
    • , Alistair G. Rust
    •  & David A. Tuveson

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