Abstract
The gibberellin (GA) phytohormones play important roles in plant growth and development, promoting seed germination, elongation growth and reproductive development1. Over the years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the regulation of GA signalling and metabolism, which ensures appropriate levels of GAs for growth and development2. Moreover, an additional level of regulation may reside in the transport of GAs from production sites to recipient tissues that require GAs for growth. Although there is considerable evidence suggesting the existence of short- and long-distance movement of GAs in plants3–8, the nature and the biological properties of this transport are not yet understood. Here, we combine biochemical and conventional micrografting experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana to show that the GA precursor GA12, although biologically inactive by itself, is the major mobile GA signal over long distances. Quantitative analysis of endogenous GAs in xylem and phloem exudates further indicates that GA12 moves through the plant vascular system. Finally, we demonstrate that GA12 is functional in recipient tissues, supporting growth via the activation of the GA signalling cascade. Collectively, these results reveal the existence of long-range transport of endogenous GA12 in plants that may have implications for the control of developmental phase transitions and the adaptation to adverse environments.
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05 November 2020
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Acknowledgements
We thank C.A. Brosnan for help with the grafts, S. Dinant and L. Otten for help with xylem and phloem sap analysis, M. Lecorbeiller for statistical analysis, Tp. Sun for providing seeds of ga1-3 (Ler and Col-0 backgrounds), ga3ox1 ga3ox2 and pRGA:GFP–RGA, C. Schwechheimer for RGA antibody, and P. Genschik, B. Lacombe, C. Rameau, T. Heitz and D. Werck for helpful discussions. This work was supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and the French ministry of research and higher education.
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T.R., J.M.D., L.S.A., D.H., E.C.B., I.L.D., F.G. and P.A. performed experimental work; T.R., J.M.D., M.W., P.H. and P.A. designed the experiments; T.R., J.M.D., P.H. and P.A. wrote the paper.
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Regnault, T., Davière, JM., Wild, M. et al. The gibberellin precursor GA12 acts as a long-distance growth signal in Arabidopsis. Nature Plants 1, 15073 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.73
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.73
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